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ECOSORN planning process is participatory and decentralized

Introduction of the concept: Community Action Plan, the participatory planning process of ECOSORN strategy is to develop Community Action Plan at commune levels. These plans have to be considered as project’s work plan at commune level, agreed and undersigned by all parties (Provincial Department of Planning, District Governor and Commune Council). The Commune Action Plans must be elaborated in coordination with existing plan and with the maximum participation of local stakeholders, using participatory approach.

The development of Community Action Plan follows 5 steps, first and 5th steps link with the existing decentralized planning process. The process starts with the consultation of existing plans and ends with the introduction of Commune Action Plan in the existing planning process and plans.

Irrigation intervention for Rice Growing Community
(Assessment of Implemented “Cell Box Culvert with Gate”)

A Cell Box Culvert with Gate is constructed with fund support from ECOSORN (Economic and Social Relaunch of the Northwest Province (an EC funded project) in Siem Reap Province. Cell Box Culvert with Gate is a kind of sluice gate to increase water level and to distribute of water to large area of paddy fields. The kind of gate is useful for Cambodian rice farmers and communities to manage and to fairly distribute of water and to ensure adequate amount for the whole period of rice production.

Appropriate Technologies in ECOSORN Water Supply and Sanitation Projects

Appropriate Technology should be superior to the technologies in the past. Yet it should also be simpler, cheaper, and easily maintainable by the users themselves. The following principles were followed by the Rural Infrastructure (RIS) Component of ECOSORN Project.

Manufacturing of technologies should be local. It means that villages should be able to obtain the technology without external assistance (project or government agency)
The technologies should be affordable and addressing real needs of beneficiaries.
The production methods employed must be relatively simple, so that the demands for high skills are minimized, not only in the production process itself but also in matters of organization, raw material supply, financing, marketing, and so forth.
Production should be mainly from local materials and mainly for local use.

Monitoring & Evaluation system design

Guidelines for the organisation of the RD-SKE Monitoring & Evaluation system

Training Need Assessment for ECOSORN Staff

The Training Need Assessment was carried out in ECOSORN project in order to develop a capacity building for the project staff in Siem Reap, Battambang and Banteay Meanchey offices as well as Coordination Office in Phnom Penh to help them perform well in their job responsibilities and activities based on ToRs to achieve the project purposes. The TNA objectives were established to:

- Collect information for staff profiles, job descriptions, skill requirements and recruitment history;

- Identify training gap which reflects the training needs stated by individuals, by supervisors or ITA, the ToR, and;

- Establish the human resource management information system (HRMIS).

Poverty Issues in Target Provinces
1. Causes and Characteristics of Poverty

In Cambodia, the long period of destructive conflict and instability is probably the main root contributor to the widespread poverty that currently exists. Indeed, those who were displaced, maimed, orphaned, or widowed by the conflict face the greatest hardships. Damage to infrastructure (particularly irrigation systems), land mines, and other security threats contributed to low agricultural production. Execution of educated Cambodians during the Khmer Rouge era contributed to the low levels of human capital that hamper the effective delivery of social and government services. Discrimination (ethnic or gender), however, does not appear to be a principal cause of poverty in Cambodia. Cambodia Human Development Report (CHDR) 1999 reports that over 96 percent of villages are principally Khmer, so that even though villages dominated by ethnic minorities (Vietnamese, Chinese, Cham, hill tribes) tend to be poorer, they do not represent the bulk of the poor. Additionally, although there are a large percentage of female-headed households (25 percent), the incidence of poverty among female-headed households is slightly lower than among male-headed households. Thus, gender bias, even though, clearly exists in Cambodia, it is not by itself a major source of poverty.